100 nests in designated Adelie and Chinstrap penguin colonies are marked and then regularly monitored. Data are collected on when eggs are laid in each nest, when they hatch, when eggs or chicks are lost, and when chicks become unguarded. Data exist from 1996 onwards. For Adelie penguins, 100 nests in a colony designated A41 was monitored between 1996 and 2002, from 2003 onwards 100 nests in a colony designated A39 were monitored. For Chinstrap penguins, 100 nests in a colony designated A69 were monitored between 1996 and 2015, from 2016 onwards, 100 nests in a colony designated C66 were monitored. No data were collected in the 1997-98, 1999-2000 and 2010-2011 seasons. To calculate the annual hatching date a binomial model was fitted using the proportion of nests containing one or more chicks as the response variable and the date in days after 1 Oct as the explanatory variable. This model was fitted for each species and year separately. The dose.p function in the MASS package in R was used to derive the day when 50% of nests contained one or more chicks to produce the mean hatching date for each species-year combination. Mean laying dates were back-calculated from the mean hatching dates by subtracting the average incubation periods for each species (35 days for Adelies and 36.4 days for chinstraps, which are relatively constant between years). This has been calculated for data from 1996 to 2016.

100 nests in designated Adelie and Chinstrap penguin colonies are marked and then regularly monitored. Data are collected on when eggs are laid in each nest, when they hatch, when eggs or chicks are lost, and when chicks become unguarded. Data exist from 1996 onwards. For Adelie penguins, 100 nests in a colony designated A41 was monitored between 1996 and 2002, from 2003 onwards 100 nests in a colony designated A39 were monitored. For Chinstrap penguins, 100 nests in a colony designated A69 were monitored between 1996 and 2015, from 2016 onwards, 100 nests in a colony designated C66 were monitored. No data were collected in the 1997-98, 1999-2000 and 2010-2011 seasons. To calculate the annual hatching date a binomial model was fitted using the proportion of nests containing one or more chicks as the response variable and the date in days after 1 Oct as the explanatory variable. This model was fitted for each species and year separately. The dose.p function in the MASS package in R was used to derive the day when 50% of nests contained one or more chicks to produce the mean hatching date for each species-year combination. Mean laying dates were back-calculated from the mean hatching dates by subtracting the average incubation periods for each species (35 days for Adelies and 36.4 days for chinstraps, which are relatively constant between years). This has been calculated for data from 1996 to 2016.

Several populations of Northern (Macronectes halli) and Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) at South Georgia have been monitored since 2014. Three colonies of Northern Giant Petrel are monitored at Greene Peninsula, Discovery Point and Maiviken, and two of Southern Giant Petrel at Greene Peninsula and Harpon Bay. Summary data on breeding numbers and productivity for each season and colony are available, based on data from individual nests.

The breeding success (calculated from nest and chick counts) of Gentoo penguins is monitored annually at Maiviken, South Georgia. The number of incubating nests and chicks reaching fledging stage are counted. Data exist from 2010 onwards. This work was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (UK) core funding to the British Antarctic Survey.

This dataset comprises Sentinel2 satellite imagery and derived geographic locations of five emperor penguin colonies located in the central and eastern Bellingshausen Sea, between October to December 2022. Medium-resolution satellite data was monitored for the presence of emperor penguin colonies, and when colonies were found, imagery was digitised and downloaded from Copernicus playground. Satellite data indicate early sea ice break-up at three of the four colonies, and the disappearance of the fourth colony. Digitisation and annotation of satellite imagery was carried out by the British Antarctic Survey, and supported by NERC core funding and WWF grant NEB 2181.

The breeding success (calculated from nest and chick counts) of Macaroni penguins is monitored annually at Bird Island, South Georgia. A transect is used to estimate the incubating nests and chicks hatched in the large colony at Goldcrest Point where counts have been made since 1976. The number of incubating nests and chicks reaching fledging stage in the whole of the smaller colony at Fairy Point are counted and data exist from 1982 onwards. This work was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (UK) core funding to the British Antarctic Survey.

The breeding success (calculated from nest and chick counts) of Gentoo penguins is monitored annually at Bird Island, South Georgia. The number of incubating nests and chicks reaching fledging stage are counted in several Gentoo penguin colonies. Data exist from 1982 onwards. This work was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (UK) core funding to the British Antarctic Survey.

Brown Skuas (Stercorarius [antarcticus] lonnbergi) on Bird Island have been monitored in a standardised study area since 2011. Data on ringed birds, nest locations, number and size of eggs, number and mass of chicks as well as non-breeders resightings and productivity data are recorded.

This dataset captures information from GPS and Time-Depth Recorder (TDR) tracking of 221 chinstrap penguins from 4 sites at the South Orkney Islands (Cape Geddes at Laurie Island, Powell Island, Monroe Island and Signy Island). Monitoring was carried out during incubation and brood between the months of December and February from 2011 to 2016. GPS data are available at 4 minute intervals whilst birds are at the sea surface and dive data every second. Tags measured birds'' foraging patterns to study the relationship between breeding stage and foraging distribution. This research was supported by the Darwin Plus, WWF and the UKRI/BAS Ecosystems Programme under ALI-Science.

Monitoring of Wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) nests on Bird Island began in 1958. It was carried out sporadically until 1976 when annual monitoring, including nest counts and estimations of breeding success, began in earnest. There are 25 defined areas on the island, and the number of nests has been recorded in each area since 1976. Additionally, from 1989, the hatching and breeding success has been monitored.